Kingdom monera

This kingdom include all the prokaryotic organisms.They don't save membrane bound cell organelles like eukaryotes(all the cell organelles like eukaryotes absent in prokaryotes except ribosomes).Bacteria are the sole members of kingdom monera. They are most abundant microscopic organisms and occur almost everywhere.In a handful soil there are thousands of bacteria are presents. Bacteria are more simple in structures but  are more complex in behaviour.Thry are just 0.3 micrometer in diameter and have three layers covering (glycocalyx,cell wall and cell membrane). There are four type of bacteria on the basis of their shape as 1.comma shape vibrium,2.rod shape bacillus(some have spore) ,3. Spherical coccus and 4. Spiral    shape Spirillum(some have flagella).

kingdom monera include archaebacteria and eubacteria.

Archaebacteria 

Atchaebacteria are the special types of bacteria because they are found in extreme conditions like in extreme salty condition (halofiles), hot springs(thermoacidophiles) and in marshy areas(methanogens).Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure that helps them to survive in extreme conditions.  Methanogens are present in the gut of the ruminant animals like cow,buffaloes and responsible for the biogas production from the dung of these ruminant animals.

Eubacteria 

There are thousands of different eubacteria or true bacteria.Presence of rigid cell wall is the characteristics feature of eubacteria and in some flagella present.The blue green algae or cyanobacteria is one of the  most famous example,they are photosynthetic autotrophs  have chlorophyll a similar to green plants. They can be unicellular,colonial or filamentous,marine or terrestial algae.The colonies are generally surrounded by mucilaginous sheath. They form algal bloom in polluted water bodies. Cyanobacterias such as Nostoc,Anabaena  fix atmospheric nitrogen in their specialised cell heterocysts. Some chemosynthetic autotropic bacteria form their ATP from the energy produced by the oxidation of  various inorganic matter such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia.They also help in nutrient cycles like nitrogen,phosphorous,iron,Sulphur etc.

Heterotropic bacteria 

 

Heterotropic bacteria are most abundant in nature. Most of them are decomposer.They have significant impact on human affairs. They play role making curd from milk,production of antibiotic and also fix nitrogen in the root of the legumes. 

Some pathogenic bacteria cause damage in human beings,crop,farm animal and in pets. They cause disease like cholera,typhoid, tetanus and citrus canker etc. They are mainly reproduce by the fission and also by the sexual reproduction by adopting primitive type of DNA from other bacterium.

Micoplasma

Mycoplasma is the smallest living cell known are 0.3 micrometer in length. They can survive without oxygen and are pathogenic for both plant and animal. All the prokaryotes have cell wall except mycoplasma.