BEST BHAGVAD GITA LEARNING SHARED BY LORD KRISHNA

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11 BHAGVAD GITA QUOTES BY LORD KRISHNA ON LIFE AND SUCCESS :  At the point when a befuddled Arjuna went to his charioteer, Lord Krishna, for guidance at the Kurukshetra, Lord Krishna expressed some reasonable philosophical ideas that are pertinent even today.  Bhagavad Gita is an epic sacred text that has the responses to every one of our issues. It's anything but an otherworldly word reference by Mahatma Gandhi and was a book of motivation for some heads of the Independence development. Investigate a portion of these Bhagavad Gita cites you can use to bring your life back destined for success.  1. Whatever occurred, occurred for the great. Whatever is going on, is occurring for the great. Whatever will occur, will likewise occur for the great.  Bhagavad Gita Quote on Worry  So get over it. Whatever you're scowling about, fail to remember it. The prospective employee meeting that turned out poorly, or the relationship that didn't work will undoubtedly occur and ...
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Photosynthesis

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 Photosynthesis is the process through which plants and some organisms prepare their food in the presence of light,co2 and water. 

Plant use this food for their energy production,this energy generally store as bond energy in ATP. 

As the product of photosynthesis food form and oxygen releases as by product.

Beside plant some bacteria and protistas also perform photosynthesis to prepare food.

     Food is one of the bsisc requirement of all living organisms and all the living organisms including human beings depends on photosynthetic organisms for their food. 

WHERE DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCUR?

Photosynthesis occur in the green part of the plant,specifically in chloroplast and in chromatophore (infoldings of plasma membrane or cell membrane of cyanobacteria containing pigments) for bule green algae or cyanobacteria and in case of bacteria in lamellaesomes.

In leaves there is a cell organelles called plastid which are of three types chloroplast,chromoplast and leucoplast. In chloroplast photosynthesis occur and rest two part ( chromoplast and leucoplast) perform the function of storages in form of oil,fat and proteins.

Chloroplast is a double membrane bound structure and it's upper membrane is comparetively more permeable.The inner membrane accommodated area known as stroma, stroma has membranous sacs arrange over each other and form granum, there are many granum in stroma forming grana which are connected by a rope like structure,stroma lamallae and each unit forming granum known as thyllacoids (a coin like membrane bound structure).


There are many cluster of pigments on the membrane of thyllacoid containing molecules of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid. A cluster contains 250 -400 molecules of pigments in which most are of chlorophyll a molecules. These 250-400 pigment molecules form phothsystem, photosystems are of two types PS1 and PS11. All the molecules of photosystem form LHC(light harvesting complex) except one molecule of chlorophylla which act as a reaction centre.

Mechanism of photosynthesis...

When light fall on the leaf, pigments presents on thyllacoid membrane absorp the light and the reaction centre excite it's electron to the primary electron acceptor present on the outer side of thyllacoid membrane(here only the reaction centre's electron go to the primary electron acceptor and other pigments absorp light energy and transfer it towards reaction centre).

In ps1 the primary electron acceptor is,FSR(ferrodoxin reducing substance)which transfer the electron to cyt b6 f complex this  transfer of electron performed by PQ(plastquinone) that converted into PQH2(plastoquinole) by receiving a proton from stroma and then transfer the electron to the Cytb6f complex, releasing the protons into the lumen of the thyllacoid and another carrier PC(plastocyanin) receive the electron and transfer it to the PS1 again.

This process leads to accumulation of protons into thyllacoid lumen and form a protons gradient and when protons return again to the stroma spontaneously through transmembrane channel (made up of cf0 and cf1 particles) releases energy which make 120 degree conformational change in cf1 particle which activates the ATPase enzyme present on cf1 particle which in turn form ATP . 

ADP+ip+ ATPase ---> ATP

The electron from PS1 transfer to the FRS(ferrodoxin reducing substance) and then to Fd(ferrodoxin) and this electron combining with NADP+ form NADPH2 by Fd-NADP redustase enzyme.

NADP+ + Fd-NADP reductase ---> NADPH2


In case of PS2 pheophytin accept the electron and transfer it to PQ and then PQH2 transfer the electron towards Cytb6f complex and finally the electron transfer to the PS1 from Cytb6f complex through PC(plastocyanin). 


It has to be noted that the electron of PS2 received by PS1 and the electron of PS1 come again to initial substance(PS1). THAT'S WHY PS1 IS KNOWN AS CYCLIC PROCESS AND PS2 AS NON CYCLIC PROCESS.

THE ELECTRON DEFICIENCY OF PS2 IS RECOVER BY THE BREAKDOWN OF H20 MOLECULE WHICH LEADS TO FORMATION OF 02(OXYGEN) AS A BY PRODUCT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

6C02 + 6H20 +LIGHT----> C6H12O6 + 6O2


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